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Colloquium - Hedde Zeijlstra (University of Göttingen) | החוג לבלשנות

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Colloquium - Hedde Zeijlstra (University of Göttingen)

תאריך: 
ג', 15/11/201614:30-16:00
מיקום: 
LLCC Seminar room

Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) and Positive Polarity Items (PPIs) are not only attested among quantifiers over individuals but also attested among modals, generally taken to be quantifiers over possible worlds (cf. Van der Wouden 1994, Israel 1996, Nilsen 2003, Iatridou & Zeijlstra 2013, Homer t.a.). However, modal Polarity Items (PIs) substantially differ from other PIs in a variety of ways: - First, in the domain of DP quantifiers over individuals, NPIs and PPIs are only attested among existentials and not among universals. However, in the domain of deontic, the reverse pattern emerges: all attested NPIs and PPIs are universals; and in the domain of epistemic modals, NPIs and PPIs appear in both quantificational domains (universal and existential). - Second, some modal NPIs, show a distribution that is generally not attested among non-modal NPIs. For instance, English NPI need, and its German and Dutch counterparts brauchen and hoeven have a distribution (somewhere in between that of strong NPIs and weak NPIs) that is deviant from the distribution of most other non-modal NPIs. - Third, certain modal PPIs show linearity-effects. Dutch moeten only behaves a PPI when it precedes negation, not when it follows negation (then it scopes below negation). Such effects are have not been attested among non-modal PPIs. - Fourth, among most domains where PIs can be found, NPIs are more widely attested than PPIs (cf. Van der Wouden 1994, Israel 1996). In the domain of modal auxiliaries PPIs seem to appear more often than NPIs. Many languages have multiple PPI modals, whereas many languages lack NPI modals. In this talk, I present an explanation for these observed differences between modal and non-modal NPIs, showing that these differences are naturally explained if PI-hood can have heterogeneous sources that apply equally well to both modals and non-modals.